Learning Objectives

Explain why standardisation is scientifically necessary for herbal, as distinct from synthetic, drugs.Describe the pharmacognostic quality parameters...

• Explain why standardisation is scientifically necessary for herbal, as distinct from synthetic, drugs.
• Describe the pharmacognostic quality parameters specified by the Indian Pharmacopoeia and WHO.
• Explain HPTLC and HPLC standardisation of marker compounds under ICH Q2(R1).
• Describe microbial limit testing, heavy metal analysis, and pesticide residue analysis for herbal products.
• Explain the design and interpretation of stability studies for herbal extracts and formulations.